Performance & Accessibility
Keyboard Accessibility, Done Properly
Making every function of a site operable with a keyboard alone, in a logical order, with visible focus. Key takeaways Requirement: all functionality available f...
Marcus Adeyemi
Builds and maintains the web work. Writes about front-end architecture, performance, accessibility and the unglamorous parts of keeping a site alive.
531 articles
Performance & Accessibility
How to Get Screen Reader Compatibility Right
Making sure content is announced usefully by the software that reads a page aloud. Key takeaways Common combinations: each screen reader behaves differently wit...
Performance & Accessibility
Color Contrast: The Decisions That Matter
The measurable difference in luminance between foreground and background, and the thresholds content must meet. Key takeaways Normal text, AA: 4.5:1 Large text,...
Performance & Accessibility
How to Get Performance Budgets Right
Agreed limits on page weight, request count or timing metrics, enforced automatically so they cannot be quietly exceeded. Key takeaways Budget types: resource s...
Performance & Accessibility
How to Get Critical Rendering Path Right
The sequence of work a browser must complete before it can render anything useful. Key takeaways Steps: HTML parsing, CSS object model construction, render tree...
Performance & Accessibility
HTTP/2 and HTTP/3, Done Properly
The newer versions of the protocol that carries web traffic, and what they change about how resources should be delivered. Key takeaways HTTP/2: multiplexing ov...
Performance & Accessibility
Content Delivery Networks: What Actually Works
Distributed servers that hold copies of your content close to the people requesting it. Key takeaways Benefit: reduced latency, offloaded origin traffic and oft...
Performance & Accessibility
Real User Monitoring: What Actually Works
Collecting performance data from actual visits rather than from synthetic tests. Key takeaways Field data: collected from real visits, segmented by device and c...
Performance & Accessibility
Accessible Forms: The Decisions That Matter
Forms that can be completed by everyone, including people using screen readers, keyboards, magnification or voice control. Key takeaways Labels: every control n...
Performance & Accessibility
ARIA: When to Use It and When Not To
Attributes that describe roles, states and properties to assistive technology, for cases where native HTML cannot. Key takeaways First rule of ARIA: do not use...
Performance & Accessibility
How to Get Server Response Time Right
How long the server takes to produce the first byte of a response, which sets the floor for every other timing metric. Key takeaways Metric: Time to First Byte...
Performance & Accessibility
JavaScript Performance: What Actually Works
The cost of the scripts a page ships: downloading, parsing, compiling and executing them. Key takeaways Cost: download, parse, compile and execute, on the main...
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